Evaluation of changes in alveolar bone remodeling after orthodontic treatment using fractal analysis: A retrospective study
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Fractal analysis, bone remodeling, fixed orthodontic treatment, tooth extraction, trabecular structure
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this retrospective study was to analyze trabecular changes in alveolar bone remodeling after orthodontic treatment by evaluating dental panoramic radiographs using the fractal dimension (FD) analysis method.
Methodology: This study included 146 individuals with dental class II malocclusion who had undergone fixed orthodontic treatment. The mean age of the patients was 14.88±2.11 years. Patients were divided into three groups: nonextraction control group (Group 1, n=45), moderate anchorage group with extraction (Group 2, n=53), and maximum anchorage group with extraction (Group 3, n=48). The region of interest in the maxillary first premolar apical area was determined using pre- and post-treatment (T0 and T1) panoramic radiographs obtained from archival records. FD analysis was conducted using ImageJ software (version 1.53, NIH). For intragroup data comparison, the paired sample t-test and Wilcoxon test were used. For intergroup data comparison, the Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U tests were used. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05.
Results: No significant difference in FD values was found between the groups at T0 (p>0.05). At T1, compared to T0, FD values showed a significant decrease in Groups 2 and 3 (p<0.05) and no significant change in Group 1 (p>0.05). At T1, FD values of Groups 2 and 3 were significantly lower than those for Group 1 (p<0.05); no significant difference was found within Groups 2 and 3 (p>0.05). T0/T1 FD change was significantly more in Groups 2 and 3 compared to Group 1 (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Although fixed orthodontic treatments with extraction caused significant changes in the fractal dimensions of alveolar trabecular structures when compared to nonextraction, they did not cause destructive changes.
How to cite this article:
Çiçek O, Yılmaz H, Melayim H. Evaluation of changes in alveolar bone remodeling after orthodontic treatment using fractal analysis: A retrospective study. Int Dent Res 2024;14(1):19-26. https://doi.org/10.5577/intdentres.517
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This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
