Vol. 8 No. 2 (2018): International Dental Research

Aim: To evaluate the effect of calcium hydroxide (CH) and triple antibiotic paste (TAP) on the push-out bond strength of ProRoot® MTA and Biodentine®. Methodology: Root canals of 120 human teeth were instrumented using rotary files. To obtain a standard diameter of 1.5 mm, the roots were instrumented with a #6 Peeso reamer. The reamers passed 1 mm beyond the apex point to simulate open apices. The roots were randomly assigned into the following groups: Group 1 was administered calcium hydroxide (CH); Group 2 was administered triple antibiotic paste (TAP); and Group 3 was a control group and had no medicament. The medicaments were removed after 3 weeks. Thereafter, the specimens were divided into two subgroups (n = 20) according to which calcium silicate-based cement, ProRoot MTA (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) or Biodentine (Septodont, France), was applied. The push-out test was performed, and the data were analyzed statistically using one-way ANOVA and by Tukey’s post hoc test. Results: In both the ProRoot MTA and Biodentine groups, pairwise comparisons between medicaments showed similar values to the control group (p>0.05). Overall, there was a predominance of cohesive failures between root dentin and the cements. Conclusions: ProRoot MTA and Biodentine showed similar bond strength values, and prior application of TAP or CH did not affect the bond strength significantly.   How to cite this article: Tulumbacı F, Erkmen Almaz M, Arıkan V, Mutluay MS. Evaluation of the push-out bond strength of ProRoot MTA and Biodentine after removal of Calcium Hydroxide and Triple Antibiotic Paste. Int Dent Res 2018;8(2):50-5.   Linguistic Revision:  The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.

Aim: To research the effect of gender, workplace, and experience on the invasive treatment approaches of dentists in Turkey. Methodology: In May 2018, 323 dentists working in Turkey participated in a survey. In the questionnaire, dentists were asked about their demographic characteristics such as gender, experience, and workplace. In addition, the invasive treatment initiation stages and the dental materials and techniques that they preferred for patients with low and high risk of caries were queried. The data obtained were analyzed using Pearson's χ 2 test. Results: Gender was significantly related to the choice of invasive treatment approach for patients who have high (p=0.024) or low risk of caries (p=0.032). The experience factor was not significantly related to the choice of invasive treatment approach (p>0.05), but the workplace factor was significantly related for those with a low risk of caries (p=0.037). The selection of dental material was significantly related to the workplace factor (p<0.001), but not related to gender (p=0.359) or experience (p=0.067). The selection of the restorative technique was significantly related to experience (p=0.033), but not related to the factors of gender (p=0.132) or workplace (p=0.082). Conclusions: To further increase minimally invasive approaches to dental treatment, authorities need to improve their health policies to reduce dentists’ workload.   How to cite this article:  Hatipoğlu O, Temur KT. The approaches of Turkish dentists to the invasive treatment. Int Dent Res 2018;8(2):56-62.   Linguistic Revision:  The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.

Aim: Mechanical plaque control plays a substantial role in preventing periodontal diseases. The aim of this study was to determine the self-reported oral hygiene habits and periodontal status of dental patients in Turkey and to evaluate whether the data was consistent with the current periodontal status of the participants. Methodology: The study group consisted of 104 patients in consultation with a faculty of dentistry in Turkey. Clinical measurements included probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), plaque index and bleeding on probing. A survey was conducted in order to learn participants’ oral hygiene habits and demographic data. Three groups of 0–3 mm, 4–6 mm, and ≥ 7 mm were assigned to all patients for PD and CAL values. Results: A total of 33.6% of the participants brushed their teeth two or more times per day, and 33.7% brushed one time daily. The percentage of dental floss use was 11.5% and interproximal brushing was 7.7%. The percentage of the areas with 0–3 mm PD were 89.78%, and areas with 0–3 mm CAL were 86.61%. Areas with ≥ 7 mm PD and CAL were found to be very low (PD: 3.85%, CAL: 3.60%). The extent of dental plaque was 62.80% and bleeding on probing was 38.13% of the overall study population. Conclusions: It is possible to say that oral care is insufficient in our study group. Also, poor oral hygiene and smoking are closely related to moderate and severe clinical attachment loss for the participants. Consequently, it is clear that more extensive researches need to be done across the country.   How to cite this article:  Coşkun E, Ünlü FK. Assessment of oral hygiene behaviors and periodontal status among dental patients in Turkey: A pilot study. Int Dent Res 2018;8(2):63-9.  

Aim: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of different layering techniques (bulk, oblique, centripetal, split horizontal) on the marginal microleakage of Class II adhesive restorations. Methodology: Forty-eight standardized Class II cavities were prepared on both mesial and distal sides of extracted non-carious human molar teeth. Following preparation, all specimens were randomly divided into four groups (n=12). Group 1: bulk technique; Group 2: oblique incremental technique; Group 3: centripetal incremental technique; Group 4: split horizontal incremental technique. The teeth were restored with a total-etch adhesive system and a microhybrid composite resin. After thermocycling and immersion in a 0.2% methylene blue solution for 24 hours, the restorations were sectioned, and dye penetration was evaluated under a stereomicroscope. The microleakage scores (0 to 4) obtained from the occlusal and gingival margins were analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests (p<0,05).   Results: Incremental placement techniques showed lower microleakage compared with bulk and lower microleakage was seen at occlusal margin compared with gingival margin. However, there were no statistically significant differences among four placement techniques and the margins (p>0,05). Conclusions: Based on the results of the present study, none of the four placement techniques were found to be effective in eliminating marginal microleakage entirely in Class II restorations. All of the placement techniques showed similar results when the cavity margins were located on the enamel.   How to cite this article:  Misilli U, Yılmaz F. Evaluation of marginal microleakage in composite restorations with different placement techniques. Int Dent Res 2018;8(2):70-7.   Linguistic Revision:  The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.

Aim: The aim of the study was to examine the prevalence of bifid mandibular canals (BMC) in a Turkish population, using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methodology: The CBCT images of 350 untreated patients (178 male, 172 female ranging in age between 18 and 65,) were included in this study. The presence or absence of BMC was determined in axial, sagittal, and coronal planes by considering gender and side. For statistical evaluation, a chi‑square test was used to determine any differences in the prevalence of BMC with significance set at 5%. Results: BMCs were observed in 129 out of 700 sides (18.42%) and 97 out of 350 patients (27.71%), of which, 55 were in males and 42 in females. Regardless of gender, the right side was more frequently affected (73%). Male patients showed higher prevalence (15.71%) than the female patients (12%). Conclusions: BMC was observed in 27.71% of examined Turkish subjects and detected more frequently in males and on the right side.   How to cite this article: Laçin N, Aytuğar E, Veli İ. Cone-beam computed tomography evaluation of bifid mandibular canal. Int Dent Res 2018;8(2):78-83.   Linguistic Revision:  The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.

Dental trauma resulting in root fracture is a rare condition that affects up to 7% of permanent teeth, and injury to immature teeth is even rarer. This case report aimed to show the prognosis of a horizontal root-fractured immature maxillary incisor traumatized at the time of eruption. Because of an accident, a 6-year-old boy was referred to our clinic with horizontal root fracture of the permanent maxillary left central incisor associated with an extrusive luxation. The coronal segment was repositioned, and a dental splint was applied for 7 weeks. After 48 months, clinical examination revealed a positive response to electrical pulp testing and an absence color change of the tooth. Continuation of root development and calcification of the coronal pulp space was observed radiographically. It was concluded that fixation of teeth is a conservative treatment for immature teeth with horizontal root fractures, resulting in the pulp vitality and spontaneous healing with no other treatment.   How to cite this article: Erkmen Almaz M, Şaroğlu Sönmez I, Akbay Oba A. A rare case of an immature incisor with horizontal root fracture traumatized at the time of eruption. Int Dent Res 2018;8(2):93-5.   Linguistic Revision:  The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.

Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) material is a polycyclic, aromatic, thermoplastic polymer that is semi-crystalline and has a linear structure. PEEK has good mechanical and electrical properties such as resistance to high temperature and resistance to hydrolysis. In addition, because of the property of high biocompatibility, use of PEEK has increased in orthopedic and trauma cases. The most characteristic property of PEEK material is that it has a low elasticity modulus, close to that of bone. It has been suggested that stress-based problems could be reduced with this material due to the low elasticity modulus. In the light of this information, PEEK material could be considered as an alternative to conventional materials in the field of dentistry.   How to cite this article: Tekin S, Cangül S, Adıgüzel Ö, Değer Y. Areas for use of PEEK material in dentistry. Int Dent Res 2018;8(2):84-92.   Linguistic Revision:  The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.